The complement system is a component of the immune system that acts together with antibodies and immune cells to destroy the infectious agent. It acts as a chain and the first link of the chain is the C1 (C1-C9) protein. Complements are found in the membrane proteins of immune cells (inflammatory cells). C1 esterase inhibitors also work together with C1 complement. If C1 esterase inhibitor activity is hereditarily low, the body’s inflammation system is no longer functioning properly. As a result, fluids leaking through gaps in the walls of the blood vessels collect under the skin and cause episodes of edema (swelling). This is called Hereditary Angioedema.
Interpretation:Hereditary Angioedema is a disease characterized by episodes of subcutaneous edema resulting in swelling and abdominal pain. Even edema in the throat can cause sudden breathing difficulties. Bradykinin, an effective vasodilator, is increased. In the Type-I form of the disease, the enzyme is completely absent; in the Type-II form, its activity is low, hence the course is milder. In recent years, a mutation-related Type-III form has been identified, but the mechanism is not yet understood. The disease sometimes occurs in adolescence. It can manifest itself as swelling in the face and lips, throat, arms, legs and genital area, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and difficulty breathing. In addition to this test, a C4 (Complement C4) screening test can also be investigated to support the diagnosis.
Sample: Arm venous blood. Nonfasting
Working day: Tuesday, Thursday
Result Time: Next day at 6 PM
