Leukocytes (LEU, WBC, White Blood Cell, White Blood Cell): It is the count of inflammatory cells in the blood. It reveals whether there is an infection (caused by bacteria or virus), allergic or systemic reaction in any part of our body that we are aware of or not. In short, it is a general indicator of whether our body is fighting a disease such as rheumatism, cancer, febrile diseases, autoimmune diseases.
Erythrocyte (Erythrocyte, RBC, Red Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell): It is the count of the cells that carry the oxygen taken from the lungs with the help of the iron it contains to the tissues in the blood and carry the carbon dioxide accumulated in the tissues to the lungs to be expelled.
Thrombocyte (PLT, Platelet): These cells form the blood’s coagulation proteins and are responsible for blocking the bleeding. If the amount is low, it means thrombocytopenia (where these cells are being broken down rapidly or made less). Both present the problem of non-stop bleeding. If its amount is high, it means thrombocytosis. Excess production (in cases such as benign or malignant cancer, blood diseases) causes excessive intravascular coagulation. It can result in vascular occlusions.
Hemoglobin (HGB): It is the amount of a protein in the blood responsible for binding iron and oxygen. It is the most critical and first indicator of the body’s energy deficiency.
Hematocrit (HTC): It is the total volume fraction of erythrocyte cells in the blood (PCV=packed cell volume or EVF=Erythrocyte volume fraction). In anemia (anemia), the number of these cells is tried to be increased by the body, and, therefore, this fraction is seen more than usual. In other words, this test is helpful to determine anemia.
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume): It is the average size of oxygen-carrying cells. If the MCV is low, the erythrocytes are smaller, and if the MCV is high, they are larger. In iron deficiency anemia, erythrocytes become smaller; therefore, the MCV value is low. In vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, erythrocytes are enlarged, and MCV is high.
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin): While Hb gives the amount of hemoglobin in whole blood, MCH only provides the amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte. A low value indicates anemia.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration): It is the ratio of the MCH parameter to the total amount of erythrocytes, independent of the erythrocyte (red blood) volume. It is the amount of hemoglobin by the volume of erythrocytes, regardless of the number of erythrocytes. If there is anemia, it gives an idea about whether the cause is hemoglobin or the number of erythrocytes.
MPV (Mean Platelet Volume): It is the ratio of coagulation cells to all cells. Since young platelets are larger than others, their height indicates blood diseases, which shows that platelet production is accelerated and that there is a problem in producing or destroying coagulation cells in the environment. Its low value, on the other hand, indicates a problem with platelet production in the bone marrow. The platelet count is less than other cells.
PCT (Platelet Crit): It is the percentage of blood platelet cells to other cells. It cannot be evaluated alone. It gives information about platelet functions when evaluated with other parameters in whole blood.
PDW (Platelet Distribution Width): It shows the distribution of platelets according to the density and size of other cells in the blood. This parameter is also evaluated together with other blood parameters to investigate the relationship between coagulation disorders and cell numbers.
P-LCR (Platelet Large Cell Ratio): P-LCR represents the ratio of large platelet cells to normal platelet cells.
NEU (Neutrophil count): Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that protect our body from infections. Neutrophils protect the organism from the invasion of microorganisms by engulfing them (phagocytosis). If we do not have enough neutrophils, our body cannot fight against bacteria. A low level of neutrophils increases the risk of many infections. If it is high, it indicates that there is an infection in our body.
NEU% (Percentage of neutrophils): The number of neutrophils according to the general leukocyte count is an indicator of which cells are trying to eliminate the disease.
LYM (Lymphocyte count): Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that protect our body from infections. Lymphocytes are a cell type that secretes cytotoxic, that is, cell-killing chemicals. It is especially high in viral infections, leukemias and lymphomas. A low value, on the other hand, suggests post-operative infections. In melanoma and colorectal cancer, they accumulate in the cancer area to kill the cancer cell.
LYM% (Percentage of lymphocytes): The number of lymphocytes according to the general leukocyte count is an indicator of which cells are trying to eliminate the disease.
MON (Monocytes): Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that protect our body from infections. It is the cells that first respond to infections. A high value indicates that an infection has started in an organ or region, and the first immune response has occurred. They then turn into macrophages and eliminate the cause of the infection.
MON% (Percentage of monocytes): The number of monocytes according to the general leukocyte count is an indicator of which cells are trying to eliminate the disease.
BAS (Basophils): Basophils are a type of white blood cell that protect our body from infections. Although it is a type of cell produced in the bone marrow, they are found in many tissues in our body. When you fall and have a wound somewhere or get an infection, your cells that try to heal you are basophils. In addition to fighting infections from parasites, basophils prevent blood clotting and release histamine in allergic reactions. A low basophil value may indicate an allergic reaction. It can make an infection take longer to heal. In some cases, a basophil value that is too high can be caused by certain blood cancers.
BAS% (Percentage of basophils): The number of basophils according to the general leukocyte count is an indicator of which cells are trying to eliminate the disease.
EOS (Eosinophils): Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that protects our body from infections. While eosinophils help destroy viruses, bacteria, and parasites that settle in our bodies, they also allow us to fight allergic reactions. Eosinophils are increased in allergic reactions and some parasitic infections. They also cause allergic reactions. Eosinophils play an important role in allergies, eczema, and asthma-related inflammations.
EOS% (Percentage of eosinophils): The number of eosinophils according to the general leukocyte count is an indicator of which cells are trying to eliminate the disease.
RDW-SD (Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Standard Deviation): It shows the distribution of red blood cells among other blood cells. Each of the blood cells has different sizes. Erythrocytes are 6-8 microns in diameter. Suppose there is anemia and the reason for this is a folic acid deficiency, B12 deficiency, iron deficiency, or other similar causes. In that case, the diameter of these cells gets larger, and this value becomes high.
RDW-CV (Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Coefficient of Variation): It is a calculation using the RDW-SD offset. It measures the distribution of cells by looking at the ratio of 1 SD to MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume). It has a similar function to RDW-SD but maybe a better indicator than RDW-SD in conditions such as mild iron deficiency.
IG# (Immunoglobulin): It is the measurement of certain immunoglobulins, or antibodies, in the blood. Antibodies are proteins produced by our immune system to fight antigens such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. The body produces different immunoglobulins to fight different antigens. A high value indicates that the body is fighting an allergy or that the immune system is overactive.
IG% (Percentage of immunoglobulins): The percentage of immunoglobulins is an indicator of which antibodies any allergy is trying to eliminate.