Complete Urinalysis

Urine is the waste product of the kidney, which has a selective permeability that allows the body to remove unwanted residues and retain unwanted substances. The kidney has a function of filtering and purifying the blood.
An excess of any substance in the urine indicates that there is more of that substance in the blood than desired and that there is a metabolic disorder related to that substance. In addition, certain cell types indicate problems in the bladder and urinary tract.
Interpretation:Colour: Normal urine is light yellow. If it is dark, the patient may be dehydrated and the urea concentration may be relatively high. If red, it may contain erythrocytes from haemorrhage in the urinary tract or kidney. Very marked yellow urine may indicate the presence of urobilinogen in the biliary tract or liver, which is a result of a metabolic jaundice, or a reflection of the colour of vitamins A and C due to their intake. Very light yellow may indicate excessive fluid intake and dilute urine. PH: Normal urine pH is acid. So, it is below 7. If this changes, it suggests that there is a problem in the buffer and acid-base balance in the body. Protein There is no protein in normal urine. If present, it indicates impaired renal permeability, its degree or a pathological condition requiring excessive protein excretion. Density: The density of normal urine is between 1015-1025 and indicates the ability of the kidney to concentrate and dilute. Undesirable density of metabolic residues or ions can increase the density of urine, and low fluid intake can also express urine density as high. Nitrite: If nitrite is positive in urine, it is the nitrite produced by bacteria and may indicate bacterial infection in the urinary tract or kidney. Glucose: There is no glucose in the urine. It can be seen in the blood, especially in diabetes, pregnancy, and kidney diseases. A normal kidney prevents glucose excretion through kidneys until blood glucose rises above 180 mg/dl. This is called the glucose threshold of the kidney. Urobilinogen: Bilirubin excreted through bile can be seen in urine due to any metabolism disorder. It is normally found at normal level due to normal metabolic production. Therefore, the result is given as ‘normal’. Ketones: In prolonged fasting, fats are burned to produce energy and their products, ketone bodies, are produced and passed into the urine. The most abundant metabolite is acetone and indicates the prolonged fasting or use of glucose by the fetus leading to mother’s energy supply from fats. Microscopy: In pathologies of the kidneys and urinary tract, protein cumulates called cylinders, amorphous urates in febrile diseases, erythrocytes or leucocytes, epithelial cells and their types are observed by microscopic examination. Their presence in pathological numbers give information about problems in kidney, bladder, or general metabolism.
Sample: Spot urine or 24-hour urine (spot urine results may not reflect the actual situation for some specific metabolites due to cyclic production and synthesis of some metabolites and fluid intake amounts at the time of sampling of spot urine samples., so the d
Working day: Everyday
Result Time: 2 hours